Blizzard has just announced their plans to implement BattleTags into Battle.net, which seems to be another form of player-chosen nickname. Here is how Blizzard describes a BattleTag:
A BattleTag is a unified, player-chosen nickname that will identify you across all of Battle.net -- in Blizzard Entertainment games, on our official websites, and in our community forums. Similar to the Real ID system, BattleTags will ultimately give players on Battle.net a new way to manage public profiles, find and chat with friends they've met while playing, form groups, and stay connected across multiple Blizzard games.
The entire article is rather long, also having an FAQ section.
When will World of Warcraft and StarCraft II support BattleTags?
Our plan is for all current and future Blizzard games to support BattleTags eventually. However, we don’t have any announcements to make regarding when BattleTags will be integrated into World of Warcraft or StarCraft II at this time.
Will this affect my World of Warcraft or StarCraft II character names in any way?
Your World of Warcraft character names will continue to exist and work as they currently do. We’re still in the process of determining how we will handle StarCraft II character names once BattleTags are integrated into the game.
So basically, BattleTags sit between Real ID and Character Names, allowing people to keep in touch across Blizzard games without revealing personal information in the method of Real ID. We'll post more news about BattleTags as information is released, but in the meantime, you can create your BattleTag here.
Source:
Battle.net - Introducing BattleTags